Jocelyn Camalig, Lilibeth Aragon, Neethiahnanthan Ari Ragavan

Abstract: The tourism and hospitality (T&H) industry has undergone significant change as a result of global disruption and the emergence of the “new normal” post-COVID-19. Consequently, the competencies and skills expected of graduates entering this field have evolved. While prior research emphasised problem-solving, effective communication, and teamwork, a gap remains in understanding precisely how the new normal has reshaped the specific competencies graduates require. This study identifies the essential competencies for tourism and hospitality graduates in light of the industry’s changing needs. Using a qualitative research design, the research conducted focus group discussions with industry representatives across accommodation, food and beverage, culinary, cruise line, travel, tourism, and entrepreneurship sectors. Thematic analysis of the discussions shows that evolving competencies fall into two broad categories: soft skills (professionalism, communication and interpersonal skills, and personal and professional development) and hard skills (entrepreneurial, technical, and digital skills). The study further identified challenges and gaps in skills development and education, as well as broader industry challenges. These findings carry significant implications for curriculum development in educational institutions, for recruitment and training processes in industry, and for the ongoing professional development of graduates. By identifying the specific competencies the industry demands, this study contributes to preparing graduates for successful careers in tourism and hospitality and to the wider dialogue on the skills needed for success in the new normal era.

Keywords: Competencies, tourism, hospitality, skills, industry

Suggested citation: Camalig, J., Aragon, L., & Ari Ragavan, N. (2026). Evolving competencies in the new normal: A study of tourism and hospitality graduates’ skills and industry demands. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism, 15(1), 231–241.